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UK scientist explores Sichuan fault

A UK scientist arrives in China today to explore the fault lines that caused the earthquake on 12 May that killed 69,000 people.

Dr Alex Densmore, Director of Hazards Research at Durham University's Institute of Hazard & Risk Research, is the first UK scientist to visit the region to research the faults and the effects and causes of the Sichuan earthquake since the disaster. His work is being funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.

Beichuan Trace: The fault line runs alongside the wall and directly through the farmhouse. Dr Alex Densmore will try to revisit the farmhouse to see if the inhabitants that he spoke to on his previous visit survived the May 12 earthquake.

Dr Densmore said, "We'll be looking at the effects of the earthquake on the ground and for evidence of what actually happened during the earthquake. We'll be looking very closely at how the tectonic blocks actually moved in relation to each other."

"Much of what actually happens during earthquakes is difficult to view because it occurs deep below the surface. By looking at the way in which roads, pipelines, rivers and other man-made markers are affected, we can map out how the earth moved, what faults were responsible, and what kind of activity we might expect in future events."

Dr Densmore will be working alongside colleagues from Shell UK Ltd, the Chengdu University of Technology, and the Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province. The research team will study which faults were active during the earthquake and what actually happened; how the tectonic blocks are moving relative to each other in this part of the India-Asia collision; and what is expected to happen the next time an earthquake occurs.

It is thought that two main faults were involved in the May 12 earthquake, out of four or five active faults in that part of China. At least 22,000 aftershocks, measuring up to 6·9 in magnitude, have been monitored in the quake zone, according to the China Earthquake Administration.

Donglingsi Bridge was being built directly over the fault line. The bridge is unlikely to have survived the quake but Dr Densmore wants to find out if the nearby village (hidden to the left of the bridge) managed to survive.

Dr Densmore said, "Aftershocks are expected after every large earthquake and this has been no exception. Earthquakes release stress where they occur, but they also cause increased stress in the surrounding rock, and this additional pressure has to be released. Peak aftershock activity is generally in the first few days after the main quake, and the number and size of aftershocks decreases rapidly after that."

18,000 people are still officially missing and a further 374,000 people have been classified as injured following the Sichuan disaster. Beichuan town has been completely evacuated following the earthquake. The Chinese authorities are looking at building a whole new town for the former residents.

Dr Densmore said, "We are conscious of being as sensitive as possible while working in this area. There is still a lot of recovery work going on and there are obvious long-term infrastructural problems. We hope to be able to visit the town of Beichuan which was decimated by the earthquake, but this will depend very much on the local authorities. We're very thankful to the Sichuan provincial government for granting us access to the earthquake zone at such a critical time.

"The location of the active faults is crucial. We want to see if the faults that we've previously mapped were activated during the earthquake, or if the quake occurred along a new set of faults. Knowing where the active faults lie, and how much they are likely to move in future events, can help the Chinese authorities in planning new buildings and towns to reduce the likelihood of future casualties."

Further information

Interviews
Dr Densmore will be available for interview in Sichuan and Beijing at various times during the field trip. He returns to the UK on 28 August.

To arrange interviews contact:
Carl Stiansen
Media Relations Office
Durham University
Tel: 0191 334 6077/46075
Mob: 07508 003 770

Pictures
Images of Alex Densmore and JPEG files of his previous visit to study the Sichuan faults are also available from the Durham University Media Relations Office.

NERC Press Office
Natural Environment Research Council
Polaris House, North Star Avenue
Swindon, SN2 1EU
Tel: 01793 411727 or 411561
Mob: 07917 086369 or 557215

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Notes

1. The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) has awarded a research grant to Dr Alexander Densmore to fund his involvement in a Sino-British geological expedition and research project to study the tectonic and geomorphic effects of the recent magnitude 7·9 Yingxiu-Beichuan (Sichuan Province) earthquake. The research project is entitled 'Surface Rupture in the 12 May 2008 Sichuan earthquake'.

2. Dr Densmore is a Reader in Physical Geography at the Institute of Hazard & Risk Research at the UK's University of Durham.

3. He and project partner Shell UK Ltd's Dr Nicholas Richardson are visiting PR China at the invitation of their long-time collaborator Professor Li Yong, Professor of Sedimentology at Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. Also part of the project on the Chinese side is Professor Zhou Rongjun, a senior member of the Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province. Dr Zhou's involvement in the project will ensure that the results of this Sino-British investigation are communicated to the relevant Chinese authorities, and that the work can be informed by local interests and data requirements.

4. Densmore, Li, Zhou, Richardson and other earth scientists published previous collaborative research from the region (PDF) in the international, peer-reviewed journal Tectonics in July 2007, in which they concluded that geological faults in the Longmen Shan and Sichuan Basin, China "...are sufficiently long to sustain ground-shaking earthquakes, making them potentially serious sources of regional seismic hazard." These faults appear to have been responsible for the 12 May earthquake.

5. Dr Densmore plans to present the partners' results at the American Geophysical Union Fall 2008 (Autumn) meeting in San Francisco, and for them to publish jointly in a high-impact scientific journal.

Press release: 47/08

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